1. Slang is particularly American to Walt Whitman because he believes the English language is a by-product of combining cultures.
2. Whitman discusses language in his opening paragraph to lay a foundation for his essay. He states his opinions of language and how it has developed into something so magnificently complex. He concludes paragraph one by conveying that our words and expressions bring liveliness to our speech.
3.Slang is "lawless" because it disrupts traditional format. There is no specified place, definition, or part of speech for slang. For example, swears can be used in place of a noun, to describe something, or as an interjection.
4. Whitman uses metaphors to describe slang as " a mighty potentate" that enters "even the stateliest ceremonies like one of Shakespeare's clowns". He also uses a metaphor to describe slang as a "fermentation" or "eructation" or the "old world mythologies". I believe his first metaphor is more effective than the second because it provides the reader with a more pleasant connotation than that of a "belch". The first metaphor is also more fitting because it adds excitement and strengthens his cause to of using slang.
5. Rather than using a series of abstract metaphors, Whitman makes his argument "plainer" by citing exact examples and definitions of everyday slang.
6. Whitman relates slang and mythology by claiming both "attempt to escape bad literalism" throughout the ages.
7. Paragraphs 6-10 show that slang is contingent upon location, time, tastes, needs, and ties. They form within local communities, disperse, and resinate; thus contributing to the "melting pot" that is our English language.
8. I believe Whitman's opinion of American humorists strengthens his argument. Slang adds camaraderie. Philologists are considered dry and sacrifice their humor as they conform to grammatical norms.
9. The tone of this essay is genuine, imaginative, lively, and lighthearted. The final paragraph incorporates all of these descriptions as seen throughout his essay.
10. This essay reflects Whitman's poetry in terms of tone. His works are free spirited and break traditional molds of literature. An example of this would be the poem "Pioneers! O Pioneers!", calling young generations to seize their youth and pursue adventure.
11. Whitman defines slang as an "escape from bald literalism" (paragraph 2). I can apply this to my own writing by not conforming to the literary norms that govern how I would typically write. By avoiding rigid format and using simpler words or phrases I can create more genuine works.
12. I support the view on American Slang by Tom Dalzell. Although teachers, parents and other figures of authority can monitor the clothes we put on our bodies or the hair/ makeup fads we try, they cannot oppress the thought process of our generation. Slang holds deep roots within our individuality. We are able to express ourselves through movement, music, and poetry. Authority cannot patrol the culture that shapes our generation.
Thursday, November 19, 2015
Tuesday, November 17, 2015
The Intimacy of Language
Often times, as writers, we tend to use pretentious diction in order to persuade our audience under false pretenses. We use ready made phrases and lengthy- vocab to trick readers or listeners, assuming they will take us more seriously. Of course, this is not a realistic reflection of how the human mind works. Amy Tan is her article "Mother Tongue" states that we profess our imperfect thoughts in imperfect phrases.
Tan distinguishes two types of audiences: unfamiliar, and intimate. When addressing strangers, we tend to express ourselves in a manner that may earn us more respect. In comparison, Tan recalls what it was like having a mother who speaks "broken english". Her mother was not given the respect and attention she deserved merely because her English speaking skills were limited. I believe we subconsciously avoid this issue by over compensating with heavy diction that merely complicates what we are trying to convey.
The author implores her readers to write with passion, intent, imagery, and flow. She suggests picturing an audience for anything you write. To blur the line between our intimate and unfamiliar audiences, we should do as follows:
1.) Write simply
2.) Be straightforward
3.) Be concise
Speak what is on your mind, write with conviction and picture your ideal audience. Express your inner thoughts in the most imperfectly perfect way you know how. There is nothing "broken" about our language; something so raw; so simple; so intimate, as our natural speech is a beautiful thing.
Tan distinguishes two types of audiences: unfamiliar, and intimate. When addressing strangers, we tend to express ourselves in a manner that may earn us more respect. In comparison, Tan recalls what it was like having a mother who speaks "broken english". Her mother was not given the respect and attention she deserved merely because her English speaking skills were limited. I believe we subconsciously avoid this issue by over compensating with heavy diction that merely complicates what we are trying to convey.
The author implores her readers to write with passion, intent, imagery, and flow. She suggests picturing an audience for anything you write. To blur the line between our intimate and unfamiliar audiences, we should do as follows:
1.) Write simply
2.) Be straightforward
3.) Be concise
Speak what is on your mind, write with conviction and picture your ideal audience. Express your inner thoughts in the most imperfectly perfect way you know how. There is nothing "broken" about our language; something so raw; so simple; so intimate, as our natural speech is a beautiful thing.
Sunday, November 15, 2015
The "F Word"
Prejudice acts as an obstacle for all citizens nationwide. Language, religion, and ethnicity are not the only factors that contribute to discrimination-- one's name can act as a barrier, too. In her article, "The 'F Word'", Firoozeh Dumas discusses the challenges of possessing a foreign name and finding an identity in America. Using humor, Dumas develops her argument by citing examples of similes, sarcasm, and irony.
Dumas informs her readers of the barrier a foreign name can produce by using smilies. She writes, "My first and last name together generally served the same purpose as a high brick wall," (740). In this quotation, the author uses a simile to represent how much of an obstacle her full name can be. The image of a "high brick wall" shows the reader how difficult it is be for others to see past the racial sigma tied to her name.
The author uses sarcasm to bring humor to her argument. She tells a story of her determination in finding a new, americanized name. Her father suggests "Fifi"as a shortened version of "Firoozeh". Dumas' response is as following: "Had I a special affinity for French poodles or been considering career in prostitution, I would've gone with the name," (740). This vignette shows the struggle of an Iranian girl just trying to fit in. The sarcastic come back brings comic relief to her argument, creating a more amiable mood for readers to experience, enjoy, and remember.
Lastly, Dumas uses irony to prove her point. She writes of the time when she first began sixth grade with her new name. Without a foreign name, she becomes privy to the racial prejudice felt by her peers. "This meant that I was often privy to their real feelings about this 'damn I-raynians'" (740). Her classmates are unaware of her ethnic roots while she is in possession of an American name.
Comedy proves to be an effective means to persuasion by allowing readers to feel a more positive connection with the writer. It builds trust and credibility, which are two key elements of persuasion. Firoozeh Dumas discusses how difficult it is to overcome the racial barrier with a foreign name. This is done by including similes, sarcasm, and irony to add comic relief to her argument.
Dumas informs her readers of the barrier a foreign name can produce by using smilies. She writes, "My first and last name together generally served the same purpose as a high brick wall," (740). In this quotation, the author uses a simile to represent how much of an obstacle her full name can be. The image of a "high brick wall" shows the reader how difficult it is be for others to see past the racial sigma tied to her name.
The author uses sarcasm to bring humor to her argument. She tells a story of her determination in finding a new, americanized name. Her father suggests "Fifi"as a shortened version of "Firoozeh". Dumas' response is as following: "Had I a special affinity for French poodles or been considering career in prostitution, I would've gone with the name," (740). This vignette shows the struggle of an Iranian girl just trying to fit in. The sarcastic come back brings comic relief to her argument, creating a more amiable mood for readers to experience, enjoy, and remember.
Lastly, Dumas uses irony to prove her point. She writes of the time when she first began sixth grade with her new name. Without a foreign name, she becomes privy to the racial prejudice felt by her peers. "This meant that I was often privy to their real feelings about this 'damn I-raynians'" (740). Her classmates are unaware of her ethnic roots while she is in possession of an American name.
Comedy proves to be an effective means to persuasion by allowing readers to feel a more positive connection with the writer. It builds trust and credibility, which are two key elements of persuasion. Firoozeh Dumas discusses how difficult it is to overcome the racial barrier with a foreign name. This is done by including similes, sarcasm, and irony to add comic relief to her argument.
Friday, November 13, 2015
I Believe
One of my biggest pet peeves have always been hypocrisy. In order to avoid becoming a hypocrite, I am very cautious of my words not contradicting my actions. I strive to actively practice my convictions. Therefore, I believe in leading by example.
My parents have been divorced for as long as I can remember. Their feigned relationship and individual dysfunctions caused me to question the idea of morals or if such principles even existed. The guidance they gave me felt artificial as their words of advice were negated by acts of contradiction.
My dad always taught me to stick up for myself, while my mom believed in being a peacemaker. Actions speak louder than words, however. My mother is argumentative and quick to pick a fight. My father is highly submissive and shies away from conflict. Just as any child, I wanted to believe the best in my parents. Because of my innocence, I had not been able to recognize the hypocrisy I was subject to.
My hectic life was forever changed when my younger sister was born. I was able to the best big sister I could be by acting as a steady role model. I did this by leading by example. Through my actions, I worked to instill principles of sincerity, peace, and confidence within her. I know now that I can provide her with the guidance I never had.
I believe in the importance of being a good role model. I know my words posses the most power when I act in accordance with them. A moral code is tainted by contradictory thoughts and actions, therefore, we must practice what we preach.
Wednesday, November 4, 2015
Home
A typical struggle of the human condition is finding one's identity. We long to find a place to call home in order to establish a sense of security. It is easy to make biased assumptions of others state of being. The feeling of loneliness is not confined to immigrants, orphans, and social misfits; we make biased judgements based on stereotypes.
I, a white female, come from a household of two well to- do parents-- both doctors. My one sibling is my companion and best friend. From the outside looking in, my life must be perfect. I have a roof over my head, eat four meals a day, attend a private school and stay involved in events within the community of East Providence. What others cannot see is the crumbling relationship between my parents, my Type- A personality, and a sick sister. I am constantly moving from one household to another-- my parents have been divorced for over 10 years. I do well socially and academically, but good is never good enough. My sister is so lively and vibrant, but struggles with Juvenile diabetes. Sometimes, I feel as though I live in a life that I don't belong.
Life can feel pretty surreal, and it's easy to lose touch with reality when you're in the dark. We are faced with disease and depression and stress and other misfortunes. Without proper shelter, it is easy to feel vulnerable in a battle we must fight on our own. So when looking upon a house, you may see a strong foundation with built- up walls, but remember to consider what lies within.
I, a white female, come from a household of two well to- do parents-- both doctors. My one sibling is my companion and best friend. From the outside looking in, my life must be perfect. I have a roof over my head, eat four meals a day, attend a private school and stay involved in events within the community of East Providence. What others cannot see is the crumbling relationship between my parents, my Type- A personality, and a sick sister. I am constantly moving from one household to another-- my parents have been divorced for over 10 years. I do well socially and academically, but good is never good enough. My sister is so lively and vibrant, but struggles with Juvenile diabetes. Sometimes, I feel as though I live in a life that I don't belong.
Life can feel pretty surreal, and it's easy to lose touch with reality when you're in the dark. We are faced with disease and depression and stress and other misfortunes. Without proper shelter, it is easy to feel vulnerable in a battle we must fight on our own. So when looking upon a house, you may see a strong foundation with built- up walls, but remember to consider what lies within.
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